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相关概念视频

Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
11:55

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

在自身免疫性脱髓化中,αB-晶的保护和治疗作用.

Shalina S Ousman1, Beren H Tomooka, Johannes M van Noort

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University. Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Nature
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

阿尔法B-晶 (CRYAB) 是多发性硬化病变中的关键蛋白质. 对CRYAB的免疫反应会恶化炎症和神经退行,但CRYAB治疗可能有助于治疗疾病.

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Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols
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Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Published on: January 2, 2013

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
08:22

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

Published on: May 31, 2020

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
11:55

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols
11:31

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Published on: January 2, 2013

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
08:22

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

Published on: May 31, 2020

科学领域:

  • 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 自免疫性疾病 自免疫性疾病

背景情况:

  • 阿尔法B-晶 (CRYAB) 在多发性硬化症 (MS) 病变中丰富,具有神经保护作用.
  • 在MS中,CRYAB是CD4+T细胞对髓免疫的主要点.
  • 这种免疫反应在多发性硬化症的发病过程中的作用尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查针对CRYAB的免疫反应在MS中的病理生理学影响.
  • 确定CRYAB作为中枢神经系统 (CNS) 和免疫系统中炎症调节者的功能.
  • 评估CRYAB作为MS的潜在治疗剂.

主要方法:

  • 使用Cryab-/-小鼠来建模实验性自身免疫脑膜炎 (EAE),一种MS模型.
  • 评估了T细胞和巨细胞的细胞因子概况 (Th1,Th17).
  • 量化中枢神经系统炎症和天体细胞亡 (caspase-3,TUNEL染色).
  • 在MS患者的脑脊液和EAE小鼠血清中检测到抗CRYAB抗体.
  • 给EAE小鼠使用重组CRYAB.

主要成果:

  • Cryab-/-小鼠表现出恶化的EAE与增加的Th1/Th17细胞因子和中枢神经系统炎症.
  • 缺乏CRYAB导致了星细胞亡的增加,证实了其抗亡功能.
  • 在MS患者和EAE模型中存在抗CRYAB抗体.
  • 再组合CRYAB的使用显著改善了EAE症状.

结论:

  • 对CRYAB的免疫反应是炎症的负调节者,加剧了MS相关的炎症和脱髓化.
  • 克里亚布具有显著的抗亡和神经保护功能.
  • 治疗性使用CRYAB对治疗活跃多发性硬化和相关的神经炎症状况有前途.