对于Drosophila melanogaster的序列完善和映射,可以通过异性染色素的测绘进行
Roger A Hoskins1, Joseph W Carlson, Cameron Kennedy
1Department of Genome and Computational Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 16, 2007
概括
研究人员绘制和测序了15Mb的Drosophila异色素,克服了重复性DNA带来的挑战. 这一突破推动了我们对许多物种复杂区域的基因组测序的理解.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 基因组测序工作经常受到异色区域内重复性DNA的阻碍.
- 甲基动物和植物中的异种染色素在很大程度上未被记录,这限制了全面的基因组分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了生成Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin的高质量,完成的序列.
- 开发一个物理和细胞遗传地图的周围中心的异性色素.
- 建立一种策略来测序其他物种中复杂的异色彩区域.
主要方法:
- 利用可用的克隆资源和先进的组装方法来生成序列.
- 建立了一个基于细菌人造染色体的物理地图.
- 开发了一个细胞遗传地图,将序列数据分配到特定的染色体位置.
主要成果:
- 生成了15 Mb的完整或改进的异色序列数据.
- 建立了一个物理地图,涵盖13Mb的周心环形异色素.
- 在特定的染色体位置内通过细胞遗传映射定位了11 Mb的序列.
结论:
- 接近完成Drosophila heterochromatin的非卫星组成部分的组装和映射.
- 描述的策略适用于改善包括人类在内的其他物种的异色染色素测序.
- 这项工作为了解各种生物体中复杂的基因组区域提供了基础.
相关概念视频
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...