使用复合疫苗 - - 狂犬病疫苗进行大规模的狂犬病根除
B Brochier1, M P Kieny, F Costy
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Brussels, Belgium.
Nature
|December 19, 1991
概括
一种新型重组疫苗病毒疫苗 (VVTGgRAB) 有效控制了欧洲红狐的狂犬病. 这次口服诱疫苗接种活动在比利时一个大地区显著降低了狂犬病发病率.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 野生动物疾病生态学 野生动物疾病生态学
- 疫苗开发 疫苗开发
背景情况:
- 狂犬病对国内和野生动物构成重大全球威胁.
- 红狐 (Vulpes vulpes) 是欧洲的主要狂犬病病媒介,杀证明是无效的.
- 现有的口服狂犬病疫苗存在局限性,包括对动物的致病性和对北美野生动物的无效性.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种用于控制狂犬病的新型重组疫苗病毒疫苗 (VVTGgRAB).
- 评估VVTGgRAB在狐的大规模野外疫苗接种活动中的有效性.
- 确定疫苗接种活动对目标地区狂犬病患病率的影响.
主要方法:
- 构建一个表达狂犬病病毒表面糖蛋白 (G) 的复合疫苗病毒 (VVTGgRAB).
- 在比利时南部一个2200平方公里的地区,通过口服疫苗诱给予VVTGgRAB.
- 使用四环素生物标志物监测狐疫苗接种覆盖率,并评估狂犬病发病率.
主要成果:
- VVTGgRAB在实验动物,养狐和子中表现出高效率.
- 大规模的疫苗接种活动实现了81%的狐疫苗接种覆盖率,以环素的存在为依据.
- 在治疗区域观察到狂犬病病例的显著减少,仅报告了一个外围病例.
结论:
- 复合疫苗病毒疫苗 (VVTGgRAB) 是用于狐口服狂犬病疫苗的安全有效工具.
- 大规模的VVTGgRAB现场应用可以大大降低野生动物群体的狂犬病流行率.
- 这种方法为欧洲和潜在的其他地区的狂犬病控制提供了一个有希望的战略.
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