实现儿童生存目标:社区卫生工作者的潜在贡献
Andy Haines1, David Sanders, Uta Lehmann
1Director's office, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. andy.haines@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|June 26, 2007
概括
社区卫生工作者通过管理疾病和提供预防性护理,显著降低了儿童死亡率. 大规模项目需要有重点的任务,培训和社区参与,才能取得成功和可持续性.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预措施
背景情况:
- 人们对社区卫生工作者 (CHWs) 在提高儿童生存率方面的作用重新感兴趣.
- 医疗保健工作室执行关键任务,如管理儿童疾病 (肺炎,疟疾,新生儿败血症) 和提供预防性干预 (免疫接种,健康促进).
- 来自试验的证据表明,与CHWs管理的社区干预相关的儿童死亡率大幅降低.
研究的目的:
- 审查社区卫生工作者对儿童生存的影响.
- 突出成功和可持续的大规模CHW计划所必需的组件.
- 强调需要对CHW计划的有效性和成本效益进行评估.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的试验和关于社区卫生工作者对儿童生存的干预措施的文献.
- 分析CHW所承担的任务,包括病例管理和预防性护理.
- 检查影响CHW计划成功和可持续性的因素.
主要成果:
- 社区卫生工作者的干预,特别是儿童疾病病例管理,显示出儿童死亡率大幅降低.
- 医疗保健医院在提供预防性干预,如免疫接种和促进健康行为方面是有效的.
- 成功的CHW项目需要有针对性的任务,适当的培训,监督和社区参与.
结论:
- 社区卫生工作者是加强儿童生存卫生系统的重要组成部分.
- 医疗卫生工作室不是一个独立的解决方案,而是需要支持性基础设施和社区参与.
- 大规模实施需要对影响,成本效益和可持续性因素进行严格评估.
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