化自然:为人类福祉塑造景观和生态系统
Peter Kareiva1, Sean Watts, Robert McDonald
1Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. pkareiva@tnc.org
概括
人类已经化了自然,以获得食物和安全等利益,但会带来生态后果. 未来的努力需要量化生态系统服务之间的权衡,以便更明智地管理.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人类的繁殖驱动力导致了对景观和生态系统的广泛化.
- 这种化在历史上提供了诸如增强粮食安全,减少掠食和经济增长等好处.
- 然而,这些行动导致了意想不到的生态变化和野生地区的显著减少.
研究的目的:
- 突出人类驱动的生态系统化的历史和持续影响.
- 强调需要采取更明智的方法来管理养的自然.
- 倡导科学量化生态系统服务之间的权衡.
主要方法:
- 这项研究主要是对生态原则的概念综合和审查.
- 它涉及分析人类与生态系统相互作用的历史轨迹.
- 它强调了量化分析在生态管理中的重要性.
主要成果:
- 化自然对人类的净好处通常是积极的.
- 生态系统属性发生了重大,意想不到的变化.
- 地球上剩下的真正野生生态系统很少.
结论:
- 科学家可以引导人类更明智地化大自然.
- 量化不同生态系统服务之间的权衡至关重要.
- 平衡提供一种服务与生态系统弹性和其他服务之间的平衡是可持续管理的关键.
相关概念视频
Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Biodiversity and Human Values
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
What is Conservation Biology?
Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
Sustainable Development
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
Dimensions of Health and Illness
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building
As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.


