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生态系统的稳定性和多样性
Anthony R Ives1, Stephen R Carpenter
1Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@wisc.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 2007
概括
生态系统的稳定性是复杂的,受物种相互作用和环境因素的影响. 虽然多样性往往与稳定性有积极的关联,但理解潜在的机制和更广泛的环境驱动因素对于生态洞察至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 了解生态系统稳定性需要了解物种相互作用和环境影响.
- 多样性与稳定性之间的关系是复杂的,因为稳定性的定义是多方面的.
研究的目的:
- 探索生态系统中多样性与稳定性关系的多方面的性质.
- 研究环境驱动因素的作用,以及生态系统稳定的多样性.
主要方法:
- 综述关于多样性与稳定关系的经验研究.
- 分析生态系统的特性及其对环境变化的反应.
主要成果:
- 经验研究经常显示出积极的多样性-稳定性关系.
- 很少有研究揭示了机制,或者考虑了多种稳定性类型.
- 人类造成的变化同时影响多样性和稳定性.
结论:
- 生态系统的稳定性是由多个因素决定的,包括多样性和环境驱动因素.
- 未来的研究必须整合环境背景,以充分理解多样性-稳定性动态.
相关概念视频
01:17What is an Ecosystem?
Overview
01:19What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
02:02Ecological Niches
All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.Multiple species cannot occupy the exact same niche within their habitat. If the niches of two or more species overlap to a large extent, the competitive exclusion principle dictates that one species will outcompete the other, forcing it to...
02:26Ecological Disturbance
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.Ecological disturbances can be caused by an event as small as the trampling of underbrush to an incident as wide-ranging as a forest...
01:24Pole and System Stability
The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.
01:28Stability
The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...