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相关概念视频

Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

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通过单个基因的多个cis-regulatory突变进行形态演变.

Alistair P McGregor1, Virginie Orgogozo, Isabelle Delon

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Nature
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

进化生物学探讨了物种之间的差异. 这项研究表明,在一个单一的基因,Shavenbaby (svb) 中积累的小遗传变化,驱动了Drosophila.的显著形态进化.

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 发育遗传学的发展遗传学.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 了解物种差异的遗传基础是进化生物学的一个关键问题.
  • 新达尔文主义观点认为累积的小遗传变化,而替代理论则提出发育基因中的大效应突变.
  • 已经确定了导致物种间形态分歧的少数特定基因.

研究的目的:

  • 研究Drosophila物种之间的三体模式差异的遗传基础.
  • 确定shavenbaby (svb) 基因中的cis-regulatory变化是否对观察到的形态差异负责.
  • 测试假设,单个位点的多个小效应突变有助于物种特定的表型.

主要方法:

  • 在Drosophila melanogaster中鉴定和表征了三种svb基因的增强剂.
  • 对比了来自Drosophila sechellia的同源增强剂的活性,以评估基因调节的变化.
  • 进行了高分辨率的跨物种遗传映射,以精确确定致病性遗传区域.
  • 使用内基因重组剂进行功能分析,以验证已识别的增强剂的作用.

主要成果:

  • 在D. melanogaster中发现了三种不同的svb增强剂,重复了内源性表达模式.
  • 来自D. sechellia的同源增强剂显示了与进化的表型一致的修饰表达模式.
  • 基因测绘显示,SVB上游的独立区域,重叠这些增强剂,对于D. sechellia三体模式来说是集体必要的.
  • 该研究表明,SVB位点的多个cis调节变化有助于形态差异.

结论:

  • D. sechellia三体模式的进化是由SVB基因位点内的多个小效应突变的积累驱动的.
  • 这一发现支持了这样一个观点,即物种之间的显著形态差异可能源于特定基因的许多小遗传变化的累积效应.
  • 这项研究为单个基因的微观进化变化提供了具体的例子,导致了宏观进化差异.