大脑的IRS2信号协调寿命和营养平衡
Akiko Taguchi1, Lynn M Wartschow, Morris F White
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
概括
在小鼠中减少胰岛素受体基质-2 (Irs2) 信号传递,特别是在大脑中,延长了长达18%的寿命. 这种干预改善了老年小鼠的新陈代谢,并减少了氧化应激.
科学领域:
- 衰老的研究研究.
- 代谢途径 代谢途径
- 神经内分泌学神经内分泌学
背景情况:
- 降低胰岛素类信号传递与C. elegans和Drosophila等模型生物的寿命延长有关.
- 了解胰岛素信号在哺乳动物衰老和新陈代谢中的作用,对于开发干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究胰岛素受体基质-2 (Irs2) 信号减少对小鼠寿命和代谢健康的影响.
- 为了确定特定于大脑的Irs2信号减少是否可以延长寿命并改善代谢参数.
主要方法:
- 产生的小鼠具有降低的irs2信号全球和具体地在大脑.
- 在老年小鼠中评估寿命,体重,胰岛素水平,耐葡萄糖,体力活动和氧化应激标志物 (超氧化物转化酶-2).
- 在养过程中分析了代谢参数和下丘脑功能.
主要成果:
- 减少了全身和脑特异性的Irs2信号传输,将老鼠的寿命延长了高达18%.
- 22个月的脑特异性Irs2淘汰赛小鼠超重,高胰岛素血症和葡萄糖不耐受,但表现出增加的活性和葡萄糖氧化.
- 在特定于大脑的Irs2淘汰赛小鼠中,下丘脑中超氧化物脱酶-2水平在餐时保持稳定.
结论:
- 衰老的大脑中Irs2信号的减少可以促进更健康的新陈代谢,并延长寿命,即使在超重和胰岛素抵抗个体.
- 针对大脑中的Irs2信号传递可能是一个可行的策略,以减轻与年龄相关的代谢衰退和氧化应激.
- 降低Irs2信号通过改善新陈代谢功能和减少饮食引起的氧化应激,有助于健康的衰老.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Gut-Brain Axis
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...


