三糖的α,alpha-(1-->1) 连接是无水生物保存的关键
Fernando Albertorio1, Vanessa A Chapa, Xin Chen
1Department of Chemistry, 3255 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 7, 2007
概括
在干燥过程中,α,α-三糖和α,α-三糖有效地保留了固体支的脂质双层 (SLB). 它们的特定联系是关键的,与其他导致双层破坏的糖不同.
科学领域:
- 生物物理学的生物物理.
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 固体支持脂质双层 (SLBs) 是细胞膜的关键模型,但对脱水很敏感.
- 在取水时保持SLB完整性对于其存储和应用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估各种糖类在保护固体支持脂质双层 (SLBs) 免受空气暴露方面的有效性.
- 为了确定糖类的结构和化学特性,赋予保护能力.
主要方法:
- 对六种分糖和葡萄糖进行SLB保存的比较分析.
- 在不同糖的存在下干燥后对双层结构保留的评估.
- 测量含有各种糖的脂双层的液晶至凝相转变温度.
主要成果:
- 具有α,α-(1-->1) 连接的二糖化物 (例如α,α-三糖) 有效保存了SLB结构.
- 在开放结构中结晶的糖类 (糖糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,葡萄糖) 和α,β-三糖无法保护SLBs.
- 脂质中的共价连接糖 (甘化物GM1,乳糖酸乙醇胺,葡萄糖脑胺) 也没有效果.
- 只有alpha,alpha-trehalose和alpha,alpha-galacto-trehalose降低了相位过渡温度;其他人增加了它.
结论:
- 在alpha,alpha-disaccharides中的轴-轴链接对于在脱水期间保持SLB完整性至关重要.
- 糖类构成和链接类型显著影响它们稳定脂质双层的能力.
- 了解这些相互作用可以指导 lipid双层保存的改进方法的开发.
相关概念视频
03:25Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
03:25Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
03:25Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
01:20Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
01:15Hydrolysis
Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
01:15Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.Synthesis of carbohydratesSugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from one reactant...