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五秒钟时间延迟的X射线全息图

Henry N Chapman¹, Stefan P Hau-Riege, Michael J Bogan

¹University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

|August 10, 2007

概括

研究人员开发了一种简单的全息方法,使用X射线脉冲观察微观爆炸. 这种技术精确地跟踪超快的材料变化,使得超出辐射损伤极限的高分辨率成像成为可能.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
光学是什么?光学是什么?光学是什么?
物理物理学物理

背景情况:

超快的时间解析方法对于研究材料中的短暂现象至关重要.
X射线自由电子激光器为先进的材料研究提供强烈的超快脉冲.
由于复杂的光学系统和诊断,目前的X射线方法面临着挑战.

研究的目的:

提出并应用一个简化的全息测量方案,用于监测微观物体中的X射线诱导反应.
为了实现5秒级的时间延迟精度和结构变化的高分辨率全息记录.
在强烈的自由电子激光脉冲下研究聚烯球体的动力学.

主要方法:

采用了一种全息测量方案,灵感来自牛顿的"尘埃镜"实验.
样品被放置在X射线镜子附近,以便反射探测.
时间延迟被编码在衍射图案中,达到5秒的精度.

主要成果:

该技术成功地监测了微观聚烯球体的X射线诱导爆炸.
观察到爆炸现象发生在初始X射线脉冲后很长一段时间.
高分辨率的结构变化被全息记录.

结论:

拟议的全息方法为超快X射线研究提供了一种简单但有效的方法.
射线闪光成像具有超出辐射损伤极限的高分辨率生物样本成像的潜力.
未来的超快X射线源将能够在原子时间尺度上探索3D材料动力学.

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