在热带和温带森林中虫的宿主特异性
L A Dyer1, M S Singer, J T Lill
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA. ldyer@tulane.edu
Nature
|August 10, 2007
概括
热带毛虫 (Lepidoptera) 是比温带毛虫更专业的食者,消耗的植物类型较少. 这种增加的专业化有助于热带森林中的昆虫物种多样性更高.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物地理学 生物地理学 生物地理学
背景情况:
- 热带息地与温带相比,物种丰富度显著更高.
- 了解这些生物多样性模式背后的机制是生态学和生物地理学的一个关键挑战.
- 草食昆虫的生态专业化可能解释了热带地区物种数量的增加.
研究的目的:
- 测试假设,草食昆虫的生态专业化增加有助于热带地区更高的物种丰富.
- 为了比较新世界虫 (和蝶) 在度梯度上的宿主专业化.
主要方法:
- 对比了从南15度到北55度的八个森林地点的幼虫虫宿主植物专业化.
- 分析了毛虫消耗的植物物种,属和家族的数量.
- 每个类鸟家族和整个毛虫组合的计算专业化.
- 树种之间评估的物种周转率 (贝塔多样性).
主要成果:
- 热带白幼虫的宿主专业化程度比温带地区的幼虫要高.
- 热带毛虫以显著较少的植物物种,属和家族为食.
- 这种专业化导致热带森林中树种之间更高的毛虫物种周转率 (β多样性).
- 专业化模式在整个家庭和整个组合中是一致的.
结论:
- 草食昆虫的更大生态专业化是推动热带森林更高物种丰富的关键机制.
- 热带相互作用的差异,如植物化学多样性和自然敌人的压力,可能会导致热带地区的专业化增加.
- 这些发现支持了利基区分和专门养在维持热带生物多样性的作用.
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