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生长中的树突和轴突因它们依赖分泌途径而有所不同

Bing Ye¹, Ye Zhang, Wei Song

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

|August 28, 2007

概括

科学家们发现了神经元结构,如树突,如何生长. 关键分泌通路基因对树突生长的影响比轴突生长更大,揭示了神经元发育中的保留差异.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
细胞生物学细胞生物学
发展生物学发展生物学

背景情况:

树突和轴突的独特细胞结构对于神经元功能至关重要,但仍然不太了解.
建立神经元极性,具有特定的树突和轴突形态,是神经发育的一个基本过程.

研究的目的:

研究神经元中树突和轴突结构的差异性发展的遗传基础.
确定调节树树木化和轴突生长的分子机制.

主要方法:

利用Drosophila的基因选来隔离影响树树木的突变.
在Drosophila和动物神经元中确定了与分泌途径有关的同源基因.
评估了分泌途径基因表达对树突和轴突生长的影响.

主要成果:

鉴定了树突树叶减少 (dar) 突变,包括Sec23,Sar1和Rab1的同类,影响树突树叶,但不影响轴突形态.
证明Sar1表达的缺陷优先损害Drosophila和动物神经元中的树突生长.
表明有限的ER-to-Golgi运输影响了来自 soma 的树突膜供应,而不是轴突供应.
发现戈尔吉前哨主要位于树突中,有助于树突生长.

结论:

树突和轴突的发育表现出保守的,进化上不同的敏感性,从分泌途径向膜供应.
包括戈尔吉前哨基地在内的分泌途径的差异依赖,有助于建立树突和轴突的独特形态.

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