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相关概念视频

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
Molecular Structure and Acidity02:34

Molecular Structure and Acidity

An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

在玻璃玻璃氧化中进行短距离和中距离结构排序.

R E Youngman, S T Haubrich, J W Zwanziger

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 8, 1995
    PubMed
    概括

    玻璃氧化中短距离和中距离的顺序是由结构单位解释的. 核磁共振 (NMR) 揭示了分子排列,包括醇环,负责这种玻璃状状态的排序.

    科学领域:

    • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
    • 固态化学 固态化学
    • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学

    背景情况:

    • 在短尺度尺度下订购是玻璃状状态的已知特征.
    • 有证据表明,在长度尺度上排序也可能是所有材料的普遍性.
    • 了解玻璃中秩序的结构基础对于材料科学至关重要.

    研究的目的:

    • 调查负责在氧化玻璃中订购短尺度和中长尺度的结构单位.
    • 为了提供证据证明在玻璃材料中介光长度尺度排序的普遍性.
    • 使用先进的NMR技术,阐明氧化玻璃结构秩序的分子层次细节.

    主要方法:

    • 使用高分辨率的Oxygen-17核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱来研究玻璃氧化.
    • -11核磁共振和散射技术被用于辅证分析.
    • 分析的重点是确定特定的结构单元及其在玻璃网络中的排列.

    主要成果:

    • 确定了平面BO(3/2) 单元是负责局部排序的关键分子结构.
    • 氧-17核磁共振光谱揭示了这些单元在醇环和桥接氧气配置中的详细包含.
    • 这项研究发现,在玻璃结构中的氧化物中,存在富含或缺乏氧化物环的域.

    更多相关视频

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
    06:44

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
    11:38

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

    Published on: February 1, 2020

    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
    09:16

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

    Published on: June 8, 2016

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
    06:44

    Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
    11:38

    In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

    Published on: February 1, 2020

    结论:

    • 已识别的结构单元,特别是醇环及其排列,是玻璃氧化中短距离和中距离排序的基础.
    • 这些发现支持这样的假设,即介视长度尺度的排序是玻璃状状态的普遍特征.
    • 拟议的域结构 (富含boroxol环/缺乏boroxol环) 提供了玻璃性氧化物中中等范围秩序的结构解释.