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Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Lift01:23

Lift

Lift is a fundamental aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the direction of airflow. It plays a central role in achieving and sustaining flight and in stabilizing various vehicles. Lift primarily originates from pressure differences created across surfaces, such as an airfoil. A lower pressure region forms above the wing, while a higher pressure region forms below it, generating an upward force. This differential results from the shape and orientation of the airfoil, enabling the wing...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Coriolis Force01:23

Coriolis Force

An accelerating particle experiences a force equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration in an inertial frame of reference. Consider a particle in a non-inertial frame of reference, such as a sliding ball on a rotating table. The acceleration of the ball in this rotating reference frame is different than in the intertial frame, which modifies its equation of motion. The fictitious forces acting additionally on a rotating frame of reference alter Newton's Second Law expression. Centripetal...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

内部重力波与大气风的相互作用:清晰空气流的原因之一.

K Bekofske, V C Liu

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 8, 1972
    PubMed
    概括
    此摘要是机器生成的。

    内部重力波与垂直风剪相互作用,可能会产生清晰的空气流. 一个简化的模型证实了这种大气流机制是可行的.

    更多相关视频

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
    06:42

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

    Published on: March 3, 2017

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
    13:27

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

    Published on: June 8, 2015

    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
    08:54

    Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

    Published on: February 13, 2018

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
    06:42

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

    Published on: March 3, 2017

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
    13:27

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

    Published on: June 8, 2015

    科学领域:

    • 大气科学 大气科学
    • 流体动力学 流体动力学

    背景情况:

    • 清空流 (CAT) 是航空业的一个重大危险.
    • 在自由大气中产生CAT的精确机制尚未完全理解.

    研究的目的:

    • 调查内部重力波与垂直风剪相互作用的潜在作用在产生清晰的空气流中.
    • 为了证明这一拟议机制的可行性.

    主要方法:

    • 开发一个简化的数学模型.
    • 分析内部重力波与垂直风切割之间的相互作用.

    主要成果:

    • 该模型表明,相互作用可以导致流的产生.
    • 这些发现支持提出的机制作为清晰空气流的可行来源.

    结论:

    • 内部重力波与垂直风剪的相互作用是产生清晰空气流的合理机制.
    • 进一步的研究可以完善模型并探索现实世界的大气条件.