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相关概念视频

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice
06:10

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Published on: September 2, 2019

一个单个遗传单元在玉米元素激活器中指定了两个转换函数.

H Dooner, J English, E Ralston

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 10, 1986
    PubMed
    概括

    玉米活化剂 (Ac) 的可转移元素通过两个遗传功能诱导和抑制其自身的转移. 这两种功能都源于单个遗传单元,需要开放的阅读框架1和2才能完全发挥作用.

    科学领域:

    • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
    • 分子生物学分子生物学
    • 植物科学 植物科学

    背景情况:

    • 玉米可转移元素 激活子 (Ac) 和解离子 (Ds) 是移动的遗传序列.
    • Ac具有双重功能:诱导Ds转换,并通过增加剂量抑制转换.
    • 之前的研究已经在Ac元素中确定了三个开放式读取框架 (ORF).

    研究的目的:

    • 研究Ac的双重功能 (转位诱导和剂量依赖抑制) 的遗传基础.
    • 确定Ac元素中特定的ORF在调解这些功能的作用.
    • 了解不同Ds元素之间的遗传互补.

    主要方法:

    • 对Ac和Ds元素衍生物的分析 (wx-m9(Ds和bz-m2(DI)) 具有特定的删除.
    • 基因补充测试用于评估转换恢复.
    • 在Ac的ORF中删除位置的特征.

    主要成果:

    • 在ORF 1中删除了wx-m9(Ds) 取消了转换.
    • 主要在ORF 2中删除bz-m2 (DI) 也导致一个有缺陷的Ds元素.
    • wx-m9 ((Ds) 和 bz-m2 ((DI) 没有通过遗传补充来恢复Ac的转换功能.

    更多相关视频

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
    10:28

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    Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice
    06:10

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    Published on: September 2, 2019

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
    07:26

    Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

    Published on: July 29, 2019

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
    10:28

    Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

    Published on: February 14, 2020

  • bz-m2(DI) 没有影响Ac的抑制剂量效应.

    • 结论:

    • 对于Ac的转换诱导功能,ORF 1 和 ORF 2 都是共同需要的.
    • 通过Ac诱导和抑制转换来自同一个遗传功能单元.
    • 这项研究阐明了Ac可转移元素调节的分子基础.