在Antirrhinum majus中,通过同源基因对花朵发育进行遗传控制
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 16, 1990
概括
在Antirrhinum majus中发生的同源突变揭示了控制花朵发育的关键基因. 分子分析提供了对花器官形成和形态发生的遗传调节的见解.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 同源突变是了解动物和植物发育过程的关键工具.
- 花的发育涉及一种复杂的有机生成序列,由特定的基因调节.
研究的目的:
- 研究Antirrhinum majus.中花朵发育的基础分子机制.
- 识别和分析与花形态发生有关的同源基因.
主要方法:
- 在Antirrhinum majus.中同源基因的分离和分子特征.
- 在花朵发育过程中分析基因表达模式.
主要成果:
- 几种同源性基因被分离和分析.
- 这些基因提供了对控制植物器官身份和发育的分子调节网络的洞察.
结论:
- 这项研究阐明了Antirrhinum majus.花发育的遗传基础.
- 介绍了一种在花形态发生过程中建立序列器官发育的模型.
相关概念视频
02:19Morphogenesis
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
01:43Incomplete Dominance
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
01:39Test Cross
Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...