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01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
02:50Transgenic Plants
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
02:57Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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概括
植物基因工程现在使用直接的DNA吸收到原生质中,用于大米,小麦和玉米等谷物. 这种方法实现了与旧技术相比的转化效率,从而实现了高效的植物再生.
科学领域:
- 植物生物技术 植物生物技术
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 传统的植物基因转移依赖于性杂交.
- 植物遗传操纵现在包括重组DNA和原生质融合.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens对双角植物有效,但对谷物没有效果.
研究的目的:
- 探索谷物中的替代基因转移方法.
- 在谷物作物中建立有效的基因转换.
- 在植物科学中推进重组DNA技术.
主要方法:
- 直接吸收等离子体DNA进入谷物原塑体 (大米,小麦,玉米).
- 使用原生质聚变技术.
- 从原塑体开发改进的植物再生程序.
主要成果:
- 在大米,小麦和玉米细胞中成功实现基因转移.
- 谷物中的转化效率正变得与二类植物相比.
- 现在可以从大米原生质中有效地再生整个植物.
结论:
