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相关概念视频

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...
Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
07:54

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Published on: April 3, 2018

火山气溶和月食的火山气溶.

R A Keen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 2, 1983
    PubMed
    概括

    平流层的气溶会影响月食的亮度. 将观察到的亮度与理论模型进行比较,发现El Chichón (1982) 的全球气溶载荷与Agung (1963) 相匹配.

    科学领域:

    • 大气科学 大气科学
    • 天文学 天文学
    • 火山学 火山学是一门学科.

    背景情况:

    • 月食发生在地球在月球上投射阴影时.
    • 太阳光通过地球大气层折射,在日食期间照亮月球.
    • 高层层气溶显著影响月食期间观测到的月球亮度.

    研究的目的:

    • 量化平流层气溶对月食亮度的影响.
    • 通过月食观测估计全球气溶光学深度.
    • 为了比较主要火山爆发的气溶载荷.

    主要方法:

    • 分析了1960年至1982年间21次月食的亮度数据.
    • 将观察到的亮度与假设无气溶大气层的理论模型进行比较.
    • 计算全球平均气溶光学深度.

    主要成果:

    • 从月食观测中确定全球气溶光学深度.
    • 发现1982年El Chichón喷发的气溶载荷与1963年阿贡火山喷发相当.
    • 证明了火山气溶对大气光学的重大影响.

    结论:

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  • 来自大型火山爆发的平流层气溶具有可衡量和可比的全球影响.
  • 月食观测为监测全球气溶载荷提供了一种有价值的方法.
  • 像El Chichón和Agung这样的火山爆发显著改变了地球大气的辐射特性.