概括
斯洛文尼亚 斯洛文尼亚 斯洛文尼亚 斯洛文尼亚
科学领域:
- 后南斯拉夫的科学技术.
- 巴尔干冲突对科学研究的社会经济影响
背景情况:
- 上世纪90年代初南斯拉夫的解体导致了重大的地缘政治和经济动荡.
- 斯洛文尼亚,克罗地亚和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那在独立战争之后经历了不同的道路和后果.
- 这些国家的科学界面临着不同程度的破坏和恢复挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估南斯拉夫解体和随后的战争对斯洛文尼亚,克罗地亚和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那科学发展的影响.
- 为了比较这三个新独立国家的科学恢复轨迹.
- 突出冲突后巴尔干地区研究人员面临的性和挑战.
主要方法:
- 在南斯拉夫解体前后对科学成果和基础设施的比较分析.
- 对战争对研究机构和人员的影响的定性评估.
- 审查国家科学政策和资金在独立后的时代.
主要成果:
- 斯洛文尼亚经历了一场短暂而不那么破坏性的独立战争,在分裂后表现出强大的科学领先优势.
- 克罗地亚,尽管有丰富的科学传统,但由于其漫长的战争,它面临着重大挑战和更长的恢复期.
- 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的科学界经历了最严重的破坏,面临着研究和开发的最大障碍.
结论:
- 冲突的强度和持续时间显著影响了后南斯拉夫科学格局.
- 斯洛文尼亚相对和平的过渡使得科学复苏速度比克罗地亚和波黑更快.
- 巴尔干地区的长期科学潜力与稳定和对研究基础设施和人力资本的投资密切相关.
相关概念视频
01:20States of Matter
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
01:31Formation of Species
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
00:59States of Matter and Phase Changes
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure, that...
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
01:27Diversity of Protists IV
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
02:07Conservation of Declining Populations
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.