概括
美国选举结果仍未确定,延迟了对未来科学政策和预算决策的明确性. 研究人员和游说者面临着长时间的等待,以确定影响科学努力的国会和政府的关键人物.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 科学政策 科学政策 科学政策
- 公共管理 公共管理
背景情况:
- 美国总统大选是科学政策的关键事件,仍未决定.
- 紧密竞争的参议院和众议院竞选进一步复杂化了政治格局.
- 不确定性围绕着国会和新政府的组成.
研究的目的:
- 分析延迟选举结果对科学政策和资金的影响.
- 确定未决选举对科学研究和宣传的潜在影响.
- 预测建立科学相关政府角色的新领导层的时间表.
主要方法:
- 分析选举数据和政治预测模型.
- 对科学政策转型的历史先例的审查.
- 评估关键国会委员会和行政机构的角色.
主要成果:
- 选举结果是这一代人中最接近的结果,导致长期的不确定性.
- 影响科学政策和预算的关键领导职位尚未确定.
- 对未来的科学政策环境的最终理解可能需要几个月的时间才能出现.
结论:
- 美国大选的长期不确定性给科学界带来了挑战.
- 研究人员和游说者必须为在政策和预算明确性出现之前的可能漫长时期做好准备.
- 延迟强调了政治结果和科学进步的相互联系.
相关概念视频
01:12Hindsight Biases
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
01:27Margin of Error
The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
01:24Confidence Coefficient
The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under both the...
01:03Conservative Forces
Conservative forces are an essential concept in the field of mechanical engineering. Understanding the properties and characteristics of these forces is crucial to the design and analysis of mechanical systems.
Conservative forces are forces that are dependent only on the initial and final positions of an object and that are independent of the path that the object takes between these positions. These forces conserve energy, which means that the work done by the force is independent of the path...
Conservative forces are forces that are dependent only on the initial and final positions of an object and that are independent of the path that the object takes between these positions. These forces conserve energy, which means that the work done by the force is independent of the path...
00:59Uncertainty: Overview
In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
00:54Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals
The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor 't,' or...