概括
宇航员 宇航员 宇航员
科学领域:
- 太空探索 太空探索
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
- 天体物理学 天体物理学
背景情况:
- 载人深空任务将宇航员暴露在显著的宇宙辐射中.
- 了解辐射剂量对于宇航员安全至关重要.
- 太阳能调制影响主要的宇宙辐射环境.
研究的目的:
- 为了将阿波罗指挥模块内的重粒子剂量与太阳能调制相关联.
- 为了研究航天器质量分布对辐射暴露的影响.
- 在未来的深空任务中确定提高宇航员安全的策略.
主要方法:
- 在阿波罗指挥模块 (任务8,12,14,16) 的不同位置记录的重粒子剂量的分析.
- 测量剂量与太阳调制对初级宇宙辐射计算效应的比较.
- 根据航天器内部的安置位置评估剂量变化.
主要成果:
- 测量到的重粒子剂量与太阳能调节的计算效应之间发现了强烈的相关性.
- 在指挥模块内的不同储存地点观察到辐射剂量的显著差异.
- 太空飞船的质量分布显然影响了内部辐射暴露水平.
结论:
- 太阳能调制是影响宇航员所经历的辐射剂量的关键因素.
- 太空船内的质量的战略重新分配可以作为一个屏蔽机制.
- 实施质量再分配可以减轻深空任务中宇宙辐射造成的生物损害.
相关概念视频
02:59Biological Effects of Radiation
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
01:28Isotopes and Radioisotopes
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing more...
An isotope containing more...
01:05Absorption of Radiation
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation: