概括
研究人员已经证明了与具有双电荷的负原子离子H(2-) 的存在. 这种离子的半衰期为2.3 x 10(-8) 秒,然后分解为H(-) 离子.
科学领域:
- 原子和分子物理 原子和分子物理
- 量子化学 是一个量子化学.
- 等离子体物理学的物理学
背景情况:
- 带有双电荷的负原子离子很少见,并且很难研究.
- 与具有同电子的H2−) 离子已被理论化,但在实验上是难以捉摸的.
- 了解这些物种可以了解基本的原子相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验证明H(2-) 离子的存在.
- 描述H(2-) 离子的特性和寿命.
- 为了研究H(2-) 的解离路径.
主要方法:
- 在等离子体中形成H(2-).
- 质谱学与离子能量,速度和动量分析相结合.
- 检测H(2-) 和其解离产物.
主要成果:
- 实验证据证明了H(2-) 离子的存在.
- 测量的半衰期为2.3×10−8) 秒.
- 观察到H(2-) 自发分裂成H(-) 离子.
结论:
- 实验证实了2-) 离子的存在.
- 2-) 离子是一种相对长寿的物种,具有可测量的半衰期.
- 这项研究为原子物理学和等离子体化学提供了关键数据.
相关概念视频
01:04Hydrogen Bonds
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
00:26Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
03:27Ions and Ionic Charges
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called ions.
02:54Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
02:48Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
01:30Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...