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通过寻找宿主的寄生虫黄蜂利用食草动物诱导的植物气味
概括
玉米植物在被毛毛虫攻击时会释放出特定的挥发性化合物,吸引有益的寄生虫黄蜂. 这些类挥发性物质由毛虫唾液触发,引导黄蜂到宿主处进行有效的害虫控制.
科学领域:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 化学生态化学生态学
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 植物在被草食动物破坏时释放挥发性有机化合物 (VOC).
- 类挥发物是众所周知的植物防御化合物,但它们的特定触发物和功能是复杂的.
- 寄生虫黄蜂使用嗅觉线索来定位草食宿主.
研究的目的:
- 调查草食动物攻击后玉米幼苗中类挥发性释放的特定触发因素.
- 为了确定这些植物排放的挥发物是否会吸引食草动物的自然敌人.
- 探索类素在植物防御和三性相互作用中的双重作用.
主要方法:
- 玉米幼苗接受了不同的处理:天然的草食 (毛虫),人工损伤,以及用毛虫口腔分泌物的人工损伤.
- 收集和分析了幼苗释放的挥发性有机化合物.
- 寄生虫黄蜂Cotesia marginiventris的行为被观察到在受控环境中对这些挥发物质的反应.
主要成果:
- 被毛虫感染的玉米幼苗释放出大量的类挥发物.
- 人工损坏的幼苗只有在用毛虫口服分泌物处理时才能释放这些挥发性物质,这表明了草食动物特定诱导物的重要性.
- 没有受损的叶子没有释放可检测的挥发物质,即使用口服分泌物处理.
- 寄生虫黄蜂表现出由这些类挥发物指导的宿主寻找行为,特别是当与宿主线索相关时.
结论:
- 毛虫口腔分泌物是玉米中与防御相关的类挥发性物质释放的关键诱因.
- 这些植物排放的挥发性物质通过吸引草食动物的天然敌人,在调解三性相互作用中发挥着重要作用.
- 类挥发物具有双重目的:直接保护植物,通过吸引生物控制剂间接保护植物.
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