概括
探索南非早期人类历史,从大约300万年前人类的到来,到石器时代人民的复杂工具使用和文化进步. 探索狩猎采集社会的演变及其与农业的最终相互作用.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 考古学的考古学
- 非洲史前史 非洲史前史
背景情况:
- 人类在南非存在的证据是从普略纪时代,大约300万年前.
- 早期的原始人包括澳大拉皮铁克斯非洲人,后来被人类和澳大拉皮铁克斯罗布斯图斯所继承.
- 考古记录始于大约200万到150万年前的奥尔多万工业.
研究的目的:
- 概述南非原始人占领的时间和技术演变.
- 描述中石器时代 (MSA) 和后石器时代 (LSA) 人民的生存策略和文化发展.
- 探索从狩猎采集社会的过渡到农业的到来.
主要方法:
- 从南非地区的古生物学和考古学证据的审查.
- 石器工业的分析,包括奥尔多万,阿丘勒,MSA和LSA.
- 检查动物遗骸和古环境数据以推断生计和行为.
主要成果:
- 人类最早的居住可以追溯到平世;Homo和A. robustus共存到100万年前.
- 在100万年前之前存在的阿丘勒群,其后是MSA和LSA文化,具有独特的创新.
- 拉萨人表现出先进的资源利用,骨头工具使用和早期艺术,可能与现代人类的出现有关.
结论:
- 南非的史前史揭示了人类适应和文化创新的漫长轨迹.
- 在LSA标志着一个重要的认知和行为进步,可能与现代人类的兴起有关.
- 狩猎采集者的适应性一直持续到农业的传播,今天只有少数群体在边缘环境中生存.
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