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相关概念视频

Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
Gravitation01:16

Gravitation

In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and the...
Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets01:24

Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets

The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface. This force,...
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's angular speed. Since the...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

阿波罗12号探测器在大型石坑上的月球重力跟踪数据

P Gottlieb, P M Muller, W L Sjogren

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 24, 1970
    PubMed
    概括

    阿波罗12号月球模块的数据显示,在托勒密亚斯和阿尔巴特格尼乌斯坑下面存在显著的质量缺陷. 这些发现表明大量的物质被移除,影响了月球的重力结构.

    科学领域:

    • 月球地质学 月球地质学
    • 引力异常 引力异常
    • 星球科学 星球科学

    背景情况:

    • 了解月球地下结构对于行星进化研究至关重要.
    • 阿波罗任务为月球探索提供了宝贵的数据.

    研究的目的:

    • 为了分析阿波罗12号月球模块跟踪数据中的多普勒残留物.
    • 为了调查特定月球石坑的重力异常.

    主要方法:

    • 来自月球模块无线电跟踪的多普勒残留物的分析.
    • 重力细结构与地形特征的相关性.

    主要成果:

    • 在托勒密亚斯和阿尔巴特格尼乌斯火山口上观测到大的负加速.
    • 推断的质量缺陷相当于1公里的物质移除穿过火山口区域.
    • 确定了重力细结构和地形之间的相关性.

    结论:

    • 月球表面表现出显著的地下质量赤字.
    • 地形在观测到的月球重力异常中起着重要作用.
    • 对月球地下结构的进一步调查是有必要的.

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