能源,能源效率和建筑环境.
Paul Wilkinson1, Kirk R Smith, Sean Beevers
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. paul.wilkinson@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|September 18, 2007
概括
技术进步提高了能源效率,减少了温室气体排放,改善了城市健康. 转向电力和等可再生能源可以提高空气质量和福祉,特别是在低收入国家.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 能源政策 能源政策
背景情况:
- 历史上,技术进步与消费一起提高了能源效率,与社会经济发展密切相关.
- 城市能源使用为提高效率提供了机会,影响温室气体排放和公共卫生.
- 过渡到可再生能源需要更清洁的能源载体,如电力和气,有利于城市空气质量.
研究的目的:
- 探索城市环境中能源效率和技术的潜力,以减轻温室气体排放.
- 检查改善能源使用的健康副效益,包括对温度相关疾病和燃料贫困的保护.
- 评估采用可再生能源对城市空气质量的影响以及低收入国家在能源获取和室内空气污染方面的具体需求.
主要方法:
- 关于自19世纪末以来能源利用技术进步的文献综述.
- 分析能源消耗与社会经济发展之间的相关性.
- 审查城市环境和家庭能源效率措施的案例研究.
- 审查促进可再生能源和更清洁的能源载体的政策.
- 评估与能源使用相关的健康影响,包括室内空气污染和电力供应.
主要成果:
- 城市地区和家庭的能源效率提高可以显著减少温室气体排放.
- 能源技术的改进可以带来更好的健康结果,减少与温度相关的发病率和死亡率,并缓解燃料贫困.
- 转向用电和作为能源载体,可以改善城市空气质量.
- 在低收入国家传播负担得起的技术对于减少室内空气污染和通过更好地获得电力来改善健康和福祉至关重要.
结论:
- 在城市和家庭中实施节能技术对于环境可持续性和公共健康至关重要.
- 过渡到可再生能源为城市空气质量和整体福祉带来了巨大的好处.
- 通过可访问的技术和电力获取,解决低收入国家能源贫困和室内空气污染问题是全球卫生重点.
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