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相关概念视频

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
The Delta-to-Delta Circuit01:17

The Delta-to-Delta Circuit

In a delta-delta configuration, the source and the load are connected in a delta manner, forming a closed loop that divides the network into three distinct phases. This configuration makes the phase voltages identical to line voltages. Assuming the sources are in positive sequence, the phase voltages can be expressed directly without having a neutral wire.
Series R—L Circuit Transients01:22

Series R—L Circuit Transients

In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists of...
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...

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High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods
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High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods

Published on: December 23, 2013

拉格突变揭示了强大的替代末端连接.

Barbara Corneo1, Rebecca L Wendland, Ludovic Deriano

  • 1The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Nature
|September 28, 2007
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

哺乳动物细胞使用DNA双链断裂 (DSB) 修复途径,包括非同源端结合 (NHEJ). 这项研究揭示了Rag蛋白被修改时强大的替代NHEJ活性,这表明了协作修复模型.

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In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices
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Temperature Response of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition Rates: Construction and Applications of a Temperature Gradient Block
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In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices
09:26

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物细胞通过同源重组或非同源末端连接 (NHEJ) 来修复DNA双链断裂 (DSB).
  • 对于免疫多样性至关重要的V(D) J重组利用NHEJ来修复由Rag1-Rag2蛋白诱导的DSB.
  • 缺乏关键NHEJ因子的动物出现免疫缺陷,有证据表明"替代NHEJ"途径.

研究的目的:

  • 研究替代NHEJ在DNA修复中的作用和活性.
  • 探索Rag蛋白与NHEJ因子在V(D) J重组中的相互作用.
  • 挑战这样一种观念,即替代的NHEJ是一个次要的,低效的途径.

主要方法:

  • 对小鼠Rag蛋白的基因操纵.
  • 在NHEJ缺乏和野生类型细胞中分析V(D) J结点.
  • 评估替代NHEJ活动和染色体转位.

主要成果:

  • 修改后的Rag蛋白在缺乏NHEJ的细胞中显示出强大的替代NHEJ活性.
  • 甚至在野生类型细胞中也观察到替代性结合活动.
  • 这些发现表明,替代的NHEJ比以前认为的更为重要.

结论:

  • 提出了一个双层模型,其中Rag蛋白和NHEJ因子合作,在V(D) J重组过程中保持基因组完整性.
  • 替代NHEJ在DNA修复中扮演的角色比以前被认为的要大得多.
  • 这种合作确保了免疫系统中DSB的有效和准确修复.