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相关概念视频

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

46.9K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
46.9K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

10.8K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
10.8K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.4K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.4K

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相关实验视频

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An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
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在老鼠的嗅觉球泡中,先天与学会的气味处理.

Ko Kobayakawa1, Reiko Kobayakawa, Hideyuki Matsumoto

  • 1Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

Nature
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
概括

缺乏特定嗅觉感官神经元的小鼠对某些气味没有表现出先天的厌恶,但可以学习它们. 这表明,不同的嗅觉球体质体过程是与生俱来的和学习的气味反应.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 嗅觉系统研究 嗅觉系统研究
  • 感官处理 感官处理

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物的嗅觉系统对于检测环境线索至关重要,例如腐烂的食物和捕食者气味.
  • 气味信息被转化为嗅球中的地形图,每个体代表一个特定的气味受体类型.
  • 了解这个嗅觉地图是如何被大脑解释的,是解读感官处理的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究小鼠内在与学习的嗅觉反应的神经基础.
  • 为了确定嗅球中的特定球群是否致力于先天的厌恶行为.
  • 阐明嗅觉感官神经元剥离在改变气味感知和行为反应中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 基因突变小鼠的产生,在特定的嗅觉上皮带区域中,通过喉毒素除嗅觉感官神经元.
  • 在背部区域枯竭的小鼠中分析嗅觉球体结构,特别是球体形成.
  • 对突变小鼠进行行为测试,以检测它们对厌恶性气味物的天生的反应以及它们对有条件厌恶的能力.

主要成果:

  • 背部区域枯竭的小鼠在相应的背部嗅觉球泡域中完全缺乏球粒状结构.
  • 尽管发生了结构变化,但第二阶段神经元仍然存在于受影响的嗅球区域.
  • 突变小鼠未能表现出对特定气味的天生的厌恶行为,但可以通过剩余的嗅觉通路将这些气味与厌恶联系起来.

结论:

  • 嗅觉灯泡利用不同的淋巴细胞集来处理与先天的厌恶性气味信息以及学习的厌恶性反应.
  • 特定的淋巴细胞群对于调解某些气味的先天性行为反应至关重要.
  • 气味信息处理涉及嗅觉球体内的并行路径,分离先天和学习的行为输出.