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相关概念视频

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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如何在步骤之间等待激素.

Teppei Mori1, Ronald D Vale, Michio Tomishige

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

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|November 16, 2007
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

素-1运动蛋白沿着微管子移动,使用手对手的动作. 新的smFRET传感器显示,动作时kinesin-1主要使用双头结合状态,当ATP稀缺时切换到单头结合状态.

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科学领域:

  • 分子运动蛋白质 分子运动蛋白质
  • 细胞运输机制 细胞运输机制
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 素-1是一种二元运动蛋白,对沿微管细胞内的细胞内运输至关重要.
  • 它的过程性运动依赖于ATP水解和其两个头部的手对手运动.
  • 讨论的是步骤之间的kinesin-1的"等待构造",特别是绑定头的数量.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究在流程运动期间的kinesin-1头的结合状态.
  • 在微管上区分基因素-1的一头绑定状态和两头绑定状态.
  • 阐明ATP度在kinesin-1的缓冲机制中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 开发了两个不同的单分子Förster共振能量转移 (smFRET) 传感器.
  • 使用smFRET在微管转位过程中检测素-1二元体的结构状态.
  • 在不同的ATP度下测量激素-1的行为.

主要成果:

  • 当ATP和时,Kinesin-1主要采用双头结合的构造.
  • 在较低的ATP度下,kinesin-1进入一个单头绑定等待状态.
  • 在限制ATP水平的运动中,短暂的过渡到两头结合的中间体发生.

结论:

  • ATPase循环和ATP的可用性决定了kinesin-1的头部结合状态.
  • 提出了一个模型,其中ATPase循环过渡将头部定位为手对手运动.
  • 这澄清了基因素-1的过程性移动性背后的机制.