瘤免疫:效应因子对瘤的反应以及微环境的作用
Alberto Mantovani1, Pedro Romero, A Karolina Palucka
1Istituto Clinico Humanitas and Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2008
概括
矛盾的是,炎症可以促进或对抗癌症. 合成分子模仿病原体入侵激活免疫细胞,触发癌细胞的破坏,并放大针对已建立瘤的抗癌反应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 炎症在癌症中起着双重作用,促进瘤发生,有时促进癌症排斥.
- 从促癌变向抗癌炎症的转换模仿了病原体感染反应.
- 癌症通常缺乏危险信号,阻碍有效的免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 探索炎症在癌症中的双重作用背后的机制.
- 研究将促癌炎症转化为抗癌免疫的策略.
- 评估合成分子作为癌症免疫疗法.
主要方法:
- 分析癌症炎症的临床和实验观察结果.
- 开发模仿病原体危险信号的合成分子.
- 研究树突细胞的激活和随后的免疫反应.
主要成果:
- 合成分子激活树突细胞,产生诱导癌细胞死亡的细胞因子.
- 死亡的癌细胞提供抗原,导致抗原特异性T和B细胞的激活.
- 这一过程放大了抗癌炎症反应.
结论:
- 虽然抗炎药物可以预防一些癌症,但积极免疫与瘤微环境激活相结合,对治疗已存在的癌症有很大的希望.
- 合成分子可以将炎症重定向到破坏癌症.
- 通过有针对性的激活利用免疫反应是癌症治疗的关键策略.
相关概念视频
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Overview
01:28Inflammatory Response
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...