菌体的生物多样性和生物地理在现代的树突和血栓中
Christelle Desnues1, Beltran Rodriguez-Brito, Steve Rayhawk
1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. cdesnues@yahoo.fr
Nature
|March 4, 2008
概括
微生物体中的菌体群体揭示了地理上受限的基因型,挑战了广泛病毒分布的想法. 这项研究强调了这些古老环境中病毒的独特性.
科学领域:
- 微生物学和病毒学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生物地理学 生物地理学 生物地理学
背景情况:
- 病毒,特别是菌体 (感染细菌的病毒),在生态系统中非常丰富.
- 以前的研究表明,菌体遗传物质的分布是世界性的.
- 微生物是古代的生命形式,提供了对早期生命和相关病毒的见解.
研究的目的:
- 在现代海洋和淡水微生物中调查菌体社区生物地理学.
- 为了确定菌体基因型是否表现出地理限制.
- 了解病毒在微生物生态系统中的遗传独特性和起源.
主要方法:
- 来自海洋 (巴哈马群岛) 和淡水 (墨西哥) 微生物的病毒群体的比较元基因组分析.
- 病毒序列的分析和与现有的环境病毒和微生物转基因组的比较.
- 在不同的微生物样本中识别主导的菌体类型和共享的基因型.
主要成果:
- 发现了很高比例的未知病毒序列 (>97%),表明了新的病毒多样性.
- 一些菌体基因型在地理上受到限制,在研究的微生物中没有共享的基因型.
- 单链DNA微菌在Highborne Cay (海洋) 微生物中占主导地位,并且在其他地方没有发现.
- 在数百万年来从海洋中隔离的淡水微生物中检测到一种海洋病毒签名.
结论:
- 现代微生物体中的病毒显示出显著的生物地理变异性.
- 病毒在这些环境中的遗传独特性表明了局部化的进化.
- 这些发现意味着微生物体中的病毒可能起源于古老的,地理结构化的社区.
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