在Drosophila基因组中的核细胞组织
Travis N Mavrich1, Cizhong Jiang, Ilya P Ioshikhes
1Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nature
|April 15, 2008
概括
对比基因组学揭示了Drosophila和酵母菌之间不同的核细胞定位策略. 德罗斯菲拉利用独特的染色体组织,影响转录启动和RNA聚合酶II与核细胞的接触.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 核细胞的定位对于基因调节至关重要.
- 对比基因组学为染色体组织的进化机制提供了洞察力.
- 基因组突变H2A.Z在染色质结构和功能中起作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了生成H2A.Z的高分辨率地图和Drosophila melanogaster中的大量核细胞位点.
- 为了比较Drosophila的染色质组织与Saccharomyces cerevisiae的染色质组织.
- 研究染色体组织和转录机制的共同进化.
主要方法:
- 对比基因组学分析.比较基因组学分析.
- 核位的高分辨率映射 (H2A.Z和批量).
- 基因转录起点网站的全基因组分析.
主要成果:
- 果和酵母在转录开始地点周围都表现出一个正规的核细胞体自由区域.
- 果虫不会将H2A.Z纳入-1核酶体,与酵母不同.
- 德洛索菲拉的转录起点不在+1核细胞体内埋葬.
- RNA聚合酶II在相当数量的Drosophila基因中的+1核酶中进行激活和暂停.
结论:
- 染色体组织和转录启动机制显示了主要真核细胞系之间的根本差异.
- 在核细胞定位中的H2A.Z的作用及其与转录机制的相互作用在物种之间有所不同.
- 了解这些差异是解读真核生物基因调节的多样化策略的关键.
相关概念视频
The Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Polytene Chromosomes
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
The Nucleolus
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
The Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Nucleoid
The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...


