山甲虫和森林碳反对气候变化的影响
W A Kurz1, C C Dymond, G Stinson
1Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 1M5, Canada. wkurz@nrcan.gc.ca
Nature
|April 25, 2008
概括
在不列颠哥伦比亚省,山松甲虫的爆发正在将森林从碳汇转变为碳来源. 这种昆虫的破坏极大地影响了森林的碳动态,这是气候变化模型中经常被忽视的因素.
科学领域:
- 林业科学 林业科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化研究研究气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 山甲虫 (Dendroctonus ponderosae) 的爆发是北美西部松树林中经常发生的事件.
- 这些爆发导致了大量的树木死亡,影响了森林的碳吸收,并增加了分解的排放.
- 当前的大规模建模往往忽视了昆虫对森林碳动态的影响.
研究的目的:
- 估计2000年至2020年在不列颠哥伦比亚省爆发山甲虫的累积碳影响.
- 评估森林碳平衡因甲虫诱导的树木死亡而从水槽到来源的转变.
- 为了将疫情的碳影响与森林火灾等其他主要排放来源进行比较.
主要方法:
- 估计在一个定义的时期 (2000-2020年) 和面积 (374,000平方公里) 上累积碳影响.
- 计算每单位面积平均年碳排放量.
- 与疫情相关的排放量与森林火灾历史排放量和初级生产净变化的比较.
主要成果:
- 甲虫疫情的累计影响估计为270兆 (Mt) 的碳.
- 受影响的森林从一个净碳汇转变为一个重要的净碳来源.
- 在高峰期,疫情影响相当于加拿大平均年度森林火灾排放量的约75% (1959-1999年).
结论:
- 由于气候变化而加剧的昆虫爆发是削弱北方森林碳捕集能力的关键因素.
- 甲虫爆发造成的大量碳排放需要将它们纳入大规模的气候和森林管理模型.
- 气候变化是目前昆虫爆发前所未有的规模和严重性的关键驱动因素.
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