假肢手臂的皮质控制用于自我养
Meel Velliste1, Sagi Perel, M Chance Spalding
1Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, E1440 BST, Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Nature
|May 30, 2008
概括
研究人员使子能够通过他们的大脑活动来控制机器人手臂,从而允许体内假肢控制自我食等任务. 这种脑机界面的进步超越了光标控制,恢复了自然的手臂和手的功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 机器人技术 机器人技术 机器人技术
背景情况:
- 运动皮质活动模式已经很成熟,可以代表手臂运动.
- 大脑机器接口 (BMI) 目前使用皮质信号主要用于虚拟环境中的光标控制.
- 对于或失去四肢的人来说,恢复手臂和手的功能仍然是一个重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用运动皮质信号来证明对多关节假肢设备的体现控制.
- 通过大脑控制的假肢手臂,实现与物理环境的实时交互.
- 推进BMI技术,以实现肢体运动的功能恢复.
主要方法:
- 记录了非人类灵长类动物 (Macaca mulatta) 的运动皮质活动.
- 开发了一个用于将皮质信号转化为机械化手臂复制品控制的系统.
- 实施了一项需要与物体进行物理互动的自我养任务,使用假肢和抓手.
主要成果:
- 试验对象成功地使用运动皮质活动来控制3D空间中的机械化手臂.
- 皮层信号比例控制了手臂运动和抓手功能.
- 这项涉及物理互动的体现任务比之前的光标控制实验复杂得多.
结论:
- 通过大脑机器接口展示了多个自由度的体内假肢控制.
- 这项工作是朝着开发具有近乎自然的手臂和手部功能的灵巧假肢设备迈出的重要一步.
- 这些发现为为运动障碍患者提供先进的假肢解决方案铺平了道路.
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相关概念视频
01:18Hierarchy of Motor Control
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:33Somatosensation
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...