是日志还是线性? 在西方和亚马逊土著文化中,对数字尺度的独特直觉
Stanislas Dehaene1, Véronique Izard, Elizabeth Spelke
1INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr
概括
数字空间映射是一种普遍的人类直觉,最初是对数,而不是文化发明. 正式教育将其塑造为线性数轴,就像在西方成年人中看到的那样.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 跨文化研究跨文化研究.
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
背景情况:
- 数字空间映射对于数学理解至关重要.
- 数字空间映射的起源 (文化与普遍) 被争论.
- 由于正式教育减少,亚马逊土著群体提供了独特的见解.
研究的目的:
- 调查数字空间映射的普遍性.
- 要确定数字空间映射是否是一种天生的直觉或文化构造.
- 为了比较受过教育的西方人口和未受过教育的土著群体的数字空间映射.
主要方法:
- 在亚马逊土著群体蒙杜鲁库 (Mundurucu) 中研究了数字空间映射.
- 与西方成年人的不同年龄段的Mundurucu映射进行了比较.
- 使用符号和非符号数字表示方式.
- 操纵条件以阻止西方成年人计数.
主要成果:
- 各个年龄段的Mundurucu参与者始终将数字 (象征性和非象征性) 映射到对数尺度上.
- 西方成年人使用线性映射用于小/象征数字,但在计数时不鼓励对非象征数字进行对数映射.
- 线性数字直线似乎是一种文化上获得的表征.
结论:
- 数字空间映射是一种普遍的认知直觉,最初是对数.
- 线性数字直线很可能是一个文化发明,取决于正规教育.
- 早期的数值认知可能本质上是对数的,线性通过教育而出现.
相关概念视频
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