通过谷氨基-tRNA合成酶对抗环识别的结构基础
M A Rould1, J J Perona, T A Steitz
1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
Nature
|July 18, 1991
概括
氨基转移RNA合成酶与转移RNA (tRNA) 和ATP结合的抗环显示出独特的结构变化. 这些变化使特定的结合成为可能,使酶能够准确地选择正确的tRNA.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 转移RNA (tRNA) 分子是蛋白质合成中的关键适配体,将mRNA编码子与特定的氨基酸联系起来.
- 谷氨基基tRNA合成酶 (GlnRS) 负责将氨基酸谷氨基胺与其相关的tRNA (tRNA(Gln)) 连接在一起.
- 精确的tRNA氨基化对于保持遗传密码的忠实性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 阐明谷氨基tRNA合成酶对tRNA识别的结构基础.
- 调查tRNA的结构变化 (Gln) 在与GlnRS和ATP复合形成时.
- 了解抗环在酶-tRNA区分中的作用.
主要方法:
- 采用X射线晶体学来确定大肠杆菌GlnRS-tRNA(Gln) -ATP复合物的精炼晶体结构.
- 分析晶体结构的重点是酶与结合的tRNA分子之间的相互作用,特别是反子循环.
主要成果:
- 与未复杂的tRNA相比,与酶结合的tRNA的抗环 (Anticodon loop) 呈现出不同的结构.
- 抗根茎被两个非沃森-克里克基对延长,释放了抗根基.
- 未配对的抗基被分散,以适应谷氨基氨基tRNA合成酶内的三个特定的口袋.
结论:
- 抗环的独特结构适应对于谷氨基基tRNA合成酶来区分相关tRNA (Gln) 和其他tRNA是必不可少的.
- 这些发现强调了tRNA结构在酶结合时的动态性质及其在分子识别中的作用.
- 抗环与补充蛋白质口袋的相互作用提供了确保氨基酸-tRNA合成酶特异性的关键机制.
相关概念视频
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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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