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一种不连续的头核糖酶,嵌入哺乳动物信使RNA中
Monika Martick1, Lucas H Horan, Harry F Noller
1Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. mmartick@yahoo.com
Nature
|July 11, 2008
概括
在动物Clec2基因3'未翻译区域中发现了基因调节 ribozymes. 这些不连续的头 ribozymes 自分裂并减少蛋白质表达,揭示了一个新的后转录基因调节机制.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在RNA生物学,RNA生物学.
- 基因规则 基因规则
背景情况:
- 在mRNA未翻译区域 (UTR) 中的结构RNA调节基因表达.
- 细菌核酶通过5' UTR中的自我分裂来控制基因表达.
- 在真核细胞mRNA中存在基因调节 ribozymes 是一个开放的问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究基因调节核糖酶在真核细胞mRNA中的存在和功能.
- 在动物C型莱克II型 (Clec2) 基因的3' UTR中识别新型的 ribozyme 结构.
主要方法:
- 采用了头RNA图案搜索,并放松了非保存区域的界限.
- 在动物Clec2基因的3' UTR中检测到不连续的 ribozyme 序列.
- 在试验室和体内证明了自我分裂活性,并评估了对小鼠细胞中蛋白质表达的影响.
主要成果:
- 在动物Clec2基因3' UTRs中鉴定出高度活性的子头 ribozymes.
- 发现了不连续的 ribozyme 碎片,这些碎片组装成活性结构.
- 在体外和体外确认了自我分裂和小鼠细胞中蛋白质表达的减少.
结论:
- 已经确定了一种新的转录后基因调节机制,涉及不连续的 ribozyme 序列.
- 这种机制可能会调节参与骨重塑和免疫反应的哺乳动物CLEC2蛋白的表达.
- 这些发现表明,核糖酶在真核生物基因调节中的作用更广泛.
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DNA-only Transposons
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Ribozymes
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
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Ribozymes
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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