火星上的化酸盐矿物质由火星侦察轨道器CRISM仪器观测到
John F Mustard1, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey
1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. john_mustard@brown.edu
Nature
|July 18, 2008
概括
新的发现揭示了火星上更广泛的类酸盐,表明各种各样的诺亚环境适合居住. 这些含水矿物质为火星提供了关键的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 行星科学 行星科学
- 矿物学是什么?矿物学是什么?
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
背景情况:
- 石酸盐,水性矿物质,首次在火星上被OMEGA仪器识别出来.
- 全球地图显示,在古代地形中存在广泛但有限的花酸盐矿物学 (Fe/Mg,Al smectites).
- 以前的解释表明,由于特定的环境条件,花酸盐的形成仅限于诺亚时期.
研究的目的:
- 使用CRISM数据扩大已知的火星花酸盐矿物学的多样性.
- 为了研究地质上下文和酸盐分布的含义.
- 评估古代火星环境的可居住性潜力.
主要方法:
- 分析来自火星的紧侦察成像光谱仪 (CRISM) 的数据.
- 识别和绘制多种类型的花酸盐矿物质的地图,包括高酸盐,酸盐,伊利特/马斯科维特和化.
- 检查地层学关系和火山口喷射物,以了解变化历史.
主要成果:
- 识别了高酸盐,酸盐,伊利特/莫斯科石和水合,扩大了已知的火星酸盐多样性.
- 观察各种Fe/Mg-OH花酸盐,其中石 (nontronite,saponite) 和石是常见的.
- 在Nili Fossae的平流图学证据表明,在含有橄素的单位放置之前,水性变化的停止.
- 在火山口喷射物中检测到的酸盐表明更深层地材料的改变.
- 在沉积沉积物中发现的石酸盐证实了过去的水活动.
结论:
- 火星的植物酸盐多样性比以前理解的要大.
- 火星上的诺亚时代环境比以前想象的更加多样化,并且可能适合居住.
- 多种类型的石酸盐的存在为火星早期历史中广泛的水岩相互作用提供了证据.
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