UCP2通过降低自由基来调解格林对NPY/AgRP神经元的作用
Zane B Andrews1, Zhong-Wu Liu, Nicholas Walllingford
1Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Nature
|August 1, 2008
概括
格林通过通过解蛋白2 (UCP2) 改变下丘脑线粒体呼吸来调节养行为. 这种UCP2通路对 ghrelin至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 代谢过程中的代谢.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 格林是一种肠道激素,影响大脑活动和食行为.
- 神经Y/agouti相关蛋白 (NPY/AgRP) 在弧形细胞核中的神经元控制格林诱导的食.
- 链接格林与NPY/AgRP神经元活动的细胞内机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 阐明格林调节NPY/AgRP神经元活动的细胞内机制.
- 研究线粒体呼吸和解蛋白2 (UCP2) 在 ghrelin 信号传递中的作用.
主要方法:
- 用小鼠模型来研究下丘脑线粒体呼吸.
- 实验涉及评估神经元激活,突触可塑性和食物摄入.
- 研究了包括AMPK和CPT1在内的关键分子通路.
主要成果:
- 格林在依赖于UCP2的方式显著改变了下丘脑线粒体呼吸.
- 激活UCP2对于格林诱导的线粒体增殖和NPY/AgRP神经元电活动至关重要.
- 亲opiomelanocortin神经元和食物摄入中的 ghrelin触发的突触可塑性依赖于这种 UCP2 途径.
- 一个涉及AMPK,CPT1和自由基的下丘脑脂肪酸氧化途径,由UCP2清理,驱动着格林的作用.
结论:
- 在NPY/AgRP神经元中,格林林信号非常依赖于UCP2-介导的线粒体呼吸.
- 这项研究揭示了一条连接G蛋白结合受体信号传递,线粒体功能和养行为的新途径.
- 线粒体在中介格林对神经元活动和食欲调节的中心作用方面发挥着关键作用.
相关概念视频
Hormonal Regulation
37.6K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
37.6K
GPCR Desensitization
6.1K
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
6.1K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
6.9K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
6.9K
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors
1.6K
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
1.6K
Regulation of Food Intake
2.8K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.8K
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology
52
The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
52


