美国艾滋病毒发病率的估计
H Irene Hall1, Ruiguang Song, Philip Rhodes
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ixh1@cdc.gov
JAMA
|August 5, 2008
概括
新的测定允许直接估计人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 在美国的发病率. 2006年,估计有56,300例新的艾滋病毒感染,主要发生在与男性发生性关系的男性和黑人中.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 美国缺乏对人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 发病率的直接测量.
- 诊断分析的最新进展使得最近和长期的艾滋病毒感染之间有区别,从而改善了发病率估计.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计美国艾滋病毒的发病率.
- 为了确定不成比例地受到新的艾滋病毒感染影响的人口群体.
主要方法:
- 在2006年期间,在22个州使用了BED HIV-1捕获酶免疫试验,用于从22个州新诊断的HIV病例 (年龄≥13) 的诊断血清样本.
- 使用统计建模,调整测试频率,从22个州推断出发生率到整个美国.
- 根据多个州的艾滋病毒诊断和艾滋病发病率数据,使用逆向计算的艾滋病毒发病率 (1977-2006) 的经证估计.
主要成果:
- 据估计,2006年在美国发生了56,300例新的艾滋病毒感染 (发病率:每10万人中有22.8).
- 最近感染占测试样本的31%.
- 新感染集中在与男性发生性关系的男性 (53%) 和黑人 (45%) 之间.
- 追溯计算表明,从2003年至2006年,艾滋病毒发病率稳定,在20世纪90年代中期增加后,在1999年之后略有下降.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了使用实验室测试的美国艾滋病毒发病率的第一次直接估计.
- 新的艾滋病毒感染继续不成比例地影响与男性发生性关系的男性和黑人人口.
- 这些发现强调了有针对性的预防和干预策略的必要性.
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