预防艾滋病毒感染的生物医学干预措施:证据,挑战和前进之路
Nancy S Padian1, Anne Buvé, Jennifer Balkus
1Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 9, 2008
概括
开发有效的艾滋病毒疫苗仍然具有挑战性. 然而,诸如男性避孕套,割礼和抗逆转录病毒药物等生物医学干预措施在减少艾滋病毒传播方面表现有前途,尽管坚持遵守等挑战仍然存在.
科学领域:
- * 生物医学科学 生物医学科学
- * * 公众健康
- * 传染病研究研究.
背景情况:
- * 经过20多年的密集研究,没有产生有效的艾滋病毒疫苗.
- * 预防艾滋病毒的生物医学干预措施的进展一直不一致.
- *现有证据支持男性避孕套和割礼来减少艾滋病毒的传播.
研究的目的:
- * 审查各种生物医学干预措施在预防艾滋病毒方面的有效性.
- * 确定实施生物医学艾滋病毒预防战略的挑战和考虑因素.
- *强调需要综合方法,结合生物医学,行为和结构干预措施.
主要方法:
- *对HIV预防方法的观察性研究和随机对照试验的审查.
- * 评估包括男性避孕套,男性割礼,性传播疾病治疗和抗逆转录病毒化合物的干预措施.
- * 讨论诸如产品的坚持和性无抑制等挑战.
主要成果:
- *男性避孕套在正确和一致使用时,在预防艾滋病毒传播方面非常有效.
- *男性割礼显著降低了男性感染艾滋病毒的风险.
- * 治疗性传播感染的结果因背景而异.
- *口服和局部抗逆转录病毒药物正在研究减少艾滋病毒传播.
结论:
- * 生物医学干预措施为预防艾滋病毒提供了潜力,但面临着实施挑战.
- * 坚持干预措施和潜在的性抑制是关键问题.
- *有效的艾滋病毒预防需要生物医学,行为和结构策略的综合方案.
- *评估多组分干预措施需要仔细考虑对照组和坚持效应.
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