四素结合:基于反向电子需求的迪尔斯-阿尔德反应性的快速生物结合
Melissa L Blackman1, Maksim Royzen, Joseph M Fox
1Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 19, 2008
概括
在s-tetrazine和trans-cyclooctene衍生物之间的一种新的生物对等反应提供了快速的,无催化剂的循环添加. 这种高效的生物结合方法在各种环境中起作用,并使低度的蛋白质修饰成为可能.
科学领域:
- 化学生物学 化学生物学
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 生物对等反应对于在现场研究生物系统至关重要.
- 现有的生物对等化学物质通常需要催化剂或表现出较慢的动力学.
- 需要更快,更有效的生物对角联结策略.
研究的目的:
- 描述一种新的,高度反应性的生物对角反应.
- 为了证明s-tetrazine和trans-cyclooctene循环添加对生物结合的有用性.
- 突出反应在各种生物条件下的适用性.
主要方法:
- 研究了s-tetrazine衍生物和trans-cyclooctene衍生物之间的循环添加反应.
- 量化反应动力学,具体来说是转环氧 octene 和 3,6-di-(2-pyridyl) -s-tetrazine 之间的结合率.
- 在各种溶剂中评估反应性能,包括水性介质和细胞溶解物.
主要成果:
- 循环加法在没有催化的情况下以异常快的反应速率 (k2 = 2000 M-1 s-1) 进行.
- 反应表明了广泛的功能组耐受性.
- 在有机溶剂,水,细胞介质和细胞溶解物中获得了高产量.
结论:
- 通过s-tetrazine和trans-cyclooctene的循环添加,在生物对等化学中取得了重大进展.
- 它的快速动力学和与生物环境的兼容性使其能够有效地修改蛋白质.
- 这种反应为化学生物学和药物开发提供了强大的工具.
相关概念视频
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienophiles
In a Diels–Alder reaction, the diene is usually an electron-rich system and acts as a nucleophile, whereas the dienophile is electron-deficient and functions as an electrophile. Much like the diene, the nature of the dienophile significantly impacts the outcome of the reaction.
Characteristics of Dienophiles
Generally, the best dienophiles are alkenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents such as carbonyl, nitrile, and nitro groups. The feasibility of a Diels–Alder reaction depends on...
Characteristics of Dienophiles
Generally, the best dienophiles are alkenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents such as carbonyl, nitrile, and nitro groups. The feasibility of a Diels–Alder reaction depends on...
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
Diels–Alder vs Retro-Diels–Alder Reaction: Thermodynamic Factors
The Diels–Alder reaction is thermally reversible, meaning that the reaction reverts to the starting diene and dienophile under suitable temperatures. The forward reaction gives a cyclohexene derivative and is favored at low to medium temperatures. The reverse process, also called retro-Diels–Alder reaction, is a ring-opening process favored at high temperatures.


