微RNA和Piwi相互作用RNA在动物中的早期起源和演变
Andrew Grimson1, Mansi Srivastava, Bryony Fahey
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|October 3, 2008
概括
微RNAs (miRNAs) 和Piwi相互作用RNAs (piRNAs) 是早期动物血统中发现的古老的小RNAs,早于双胞胎. 这些调节分子在整个动物进化过程中塑造了基因表达.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 微RNAs (miRNAs) 和Piwi相互作用RNAs (piRNAs) 是双边动物中至关重要的小RNA调节者.
- 这些分子控制基因表达,并保护基因组免受转子子.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在双菌前分离的动物类中的小RNA的存在和演变.
- 了解miRNA和piRNA路径的深层进化历史.
主要方法:
- 在鱼中发现小RNA的鉴定Nematostella vectensis (红星海).
- 在 poriferan Amphimedon queenslandica (海绵) 中发现小RNA.
- 在动物族群中对小RNA目录和相关蛋白质进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 类动物和类动物都拥有广泛的miRNA和piRNA库,以及用于小RNA生物学的关键蛋白质.
- miRNA进化在前体大小和成熟序列中显示出显著的活力,遍及各类类动物,类动物和双重动物.
- 基本的小RNA机制存在于早期分离的动物中.
结论:
- miRNAs和piRNAs的起源很古老,早于双边动物的出现.
- 这些肋骨调节剂在整个动物进化过程中在塑造基因表达方面发挥了一致的作用.
- 这项研究揭示了动物王国关键基因调节通路的深层进化根源.
相关概念视频
02:57piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...