![[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59739.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
一种用于铜催化化烯C-H键的一般方法
Hien-Quang Do1, Rana M Kashif Khan, Olafs Daugulis
1Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 16, 2008
概括
一种新的铜催化方法使使用化的C-H键在各种异环和中实现了化. 这一进步扩大了复杂分子构建的合成可能性.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 催化剂是一种催化剂.
- 合成方法论 合成方法论
背景情况:
- 在有机合成中,C-H键功能化至关重要.
- 铜催化为交叉合反应提供了一个多功能平台.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种一般的铜催化方法,用于sp(2) C-H键的化.
- 扩大适应C-H arylation的基质的范围.
主要方法:
- 铜催化交叉合反应.
- 使用烯化物作为合伙伴.
- 使用氧化或酸 (K3PO4) 作为各种溶剂的基础,如DMF,DMPU或DMF/xylenes.
主要成果:
- 成功结的电子丰富和电子贫乏的异环 (例如,醇,咖啡因,烯,佐,氧化,化,化).
- 实现了电子贫乏基团与至少两个电子吸收组的化.
- 合成了两种阿里铜 - 芬罗林复合物的中间体.
结论:
- 开发的方法提供了铜催化C-H arylation的一般方法.
- 该方法对多种异环和芳香基质有效.
- 中间复合物的合成提供了机械学的见解.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
02:24Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
01:11Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene
The Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions involve the addition of an acyl group to an aromatic ring. These reactions proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution by employing an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form aryl ketone.
02:17Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
01:20Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
02:27Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
01:14Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...