藻基因组揭示了藻基因组的进化历史
Chris Bowler1, Andrew E Allen, Jonathan H Badger
1CNRS UMR8186, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. cbowler@biologie.ens.fr
Nature
|October 17, 2008
概括
双原子基因组揭示了和中心系之间的显著差异,由基因家族变化和细菌水平基因转移驱动的快速基因进化. 这些基因组见解解释了藻的多样性和生态成功.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 藻是关键的光合作用生物体,对全球初级生产力做出了重大贡献.
- 塔拉西奥西拉伪 (中心藻) 的基因组为藻生物学提供了初步见解.
- 了解藻的基因组多样性对于理解它们的生态作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了测序和分析藻 Phaeodactylum tricornutum 的基因组.
- 将P. tricornutum的基因组与T. pseudonana的基因组进行比较,以确定共享和独特的特征.
- 阐明藻类基因组特征的进化起源和功能意义.
主要方法:
- 整个基因组测序的Phaeodactylum三角.
- 在P. tricornutum和Thalassiosira pseudonana之间进行比较基因组分析.
- 对基因家族扩张,损失,收益和可转移元素活动的分析.
- 从细菌水平转移的基因的识别和表征.
主要成果:
- 基因组结构和基因含量的显著分歧 (约. 40%的非共享基因) 之间,尽管最近的分歧.
- 在藻中基因多样化的快速速度,通过与酵母和元动物的比较来证明.
- 在两种藻谱系中,有数百种古老的细菌基因转移 (共享300多种) 的证据,可能会影响新陈代谢和环境传感.
- 选择性基因家族扩张和差异性内子/转子子动力学有助于藻的基因组进化.
结论:
- 二原子基因组进化以快速多样化,谱系之间的结构差异和广泛的水平基因转移为特征.
- 细菌基因的获取很可能为藻提供了新的代谢和感觉能力,这有助于它们的生态成功.
- 多种藻物种的比较基因组学是了解驱动它们广泛分布和高生产力的进化机制的关键.
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