暴露于自然环境对健康不平等的影响:一个观察性人口研究
Richard Mitchell1, Frank Popham
1Public Health and Health Policy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 11, 2008
概括
更多的绿色空间显著减少与收入剥夺相关的健康不平等. 生活在更绿色的地区降低了所有原因和循环系统疾病的死亡风险,特别是在贫困人口中.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 接触自然环境 (绿色空间) 独立地影响健康和行为.
- 获得绿色空间可以减轻因社会经济地位较低而产生的健康差异.
- 本研究研究了绿色空间在减少与收入相关的健康不平等方面的作用.
研究的目的:
- 根据绿色空间暴露水平,检查与收入相关的健康不平等是否存在差异.
- 确定绿色空间是否会改变收入剥夺和死亡率之间的关联.
- 评估绿地对所有原因和特定原因死亡率的影响.
主要方法:
- 对英格兰超过4000万个人的分析,按收入剥夺和绿色空间暴露分类.
- 从2001年至2005年使用个人死亡记录 (超过366,000).
- 采用分层模型来分析绿色空间暴露的死亡率变化 (所有原因,循环系统疾病,肺癌,自我伤害),控制混因素.
主要成果:
- 收入剥夺和死亡率之间的关联因所有原因 (p<0.0001) 和循环系统疾病 (p=0.0212) 死亡率的绿色空间暴露而有显著差异.
- 健康不平等在最绿色的地区较低;最贫困的四分位数的死亡风险比率为1.43 (所有原因),而在最不绿色的地区为1.93.
- 对于不太可能受到环境因素影响的死亡原因,如肺癌和故意自我伤害,没有观察到绿色空间的显著影响.
结论:
- 绿色环境中的人口表现出与收入相关的健康不平等的最低水平.
- 促进健康的可访问绿色环境对于减少社会经济健康差距至关重要.
- 城市规划和公共卫生倡议应优先考虑绿色空间的发展,以解决健康不平等问题.
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