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相关概念视频

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster
07:02

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 15, 2017

自私的遗传元素在中促进多夫制.

T A R Price1, D J Hodgson, Z Lewis

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 22, 2008
PubMed
概括

雌性昆虫在面对携带有害基因的雄性时,重新结合以提高后代的生存率. 这项研究揭示,与低质量的雄性交配的风险推动了多夫制的演变,或多重交配行为.

科学领域:

  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 行为生态学 行为生态学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 尽管成本高昂,但雌性养 (多) 是常见的,这表明了诸如增加后代健身等益处.
  • 对来自高健身男性的精子的受精偏见是多夫多妻制益处的一种拟议机制.
  • 特定的遗传因素,如自私的遗传元素,在驱动多夫多妻制的作用尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究导致女性胎率增加的进化压力.
  • 测试假设,与携带有害基因的雄性交配的风险促进了多夫制的假设.
  • 探索自私的遗传元素,精子竞争力和多重交配的进化之间的联系.

主要方法:

  • 使用Drosophila pseudoobscura (果) 的实验进化.
  • 暴露女性与携带特定性别比率扭曲基因的男性.
  • 评估雌性转率和后代的健康状况,以应对有害基因的存在.

主要成果:

  • 雌性Drosophila pseudoobscura在暴露于具有有害性性别比率扭曲基因的雄性时,进化出显著更高的转移率.
  • 这种基因还降低了精子的竞争能力,表明遗传质量和受精成功之间存在联系.
  • 观察到的再交配的增加表明,这是对与受损雄性交配的风险的直接反应.

更多相关视频

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila
09:34

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila

Published on: August 22, 2013

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster
07:02

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 15, 2017

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila
09:34

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila

Published on: August 22, 2013

结论:

  • 与具有自私遗传元素的男性交配的风险会降低精子的竞争力,这可能会推动多夫制的演变.
  • 自私的遗传因素,通常与男性遗传适应性降低有关,可能是促进雌性多重交配的常见因素.
  • 这为动物王国中普遍存在的多夫制现象提供了新的解释.