36个发展中国家和中等收入国家的药物价格,可用性和负担能力:二次分析
A Cameron1, M Ewen, D Ross-Degnan
1Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 2, 2008
概括
在许多国家,药品价格过高,私营部门的加价显著增加了成本. 促进仿制药和探索新的融资选择对于改善获取和负担能力至关重要.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 制药政策 制药政策
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和国际卫生行动组织 (HAI) 开发了一种标准化的方法来调查药品价格,可用性和负担能力.
- 这项研究对36个国家进行的45项国家和次国家调查的数据进行了药物可用性的二次分析.
研究的目的:
- 分析低收入和中等收入国家的药品价格,可用性和可负担性.
- 评估药品采购和分销的效率.
- 确定导致患者费用高的因素.
主要方法:
- 来自36个国家的45个WHO/HAI调查的二次分析.
- 数据经过通胀,通缩和购买力平价调整.
- 作为比较品使用的仿制药的国际参考价格.
主要成果:
- 公共部门的仿制药可用性因世卫组织地区而异 (29.4%54.4%).
- 政府采购的中位价格是国际参考价格的1.11倍,采购效率差异很大.
- 私营部门的价格是仿制药的国际参考价格的9-25倍,原始药的20倍以上.
- 私营部门的附加费从2%到552%不等,治疗费用往往是无法承受的.
结论:
- 公共和私营部门的药品价格明显超过预期水平,这是由于采购和分销效率低下,加上不合理的附加价.
- 政策干预,包括促进仿制药和替代性融资,是必不可少的.
- 增加药物的可用性,降低价格和提高负担能力是关键的公共卫生目标.
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