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相关概念视频

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

细胞中的核重编程

J B Gurdon1, D A Melton

  • 1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 12N, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

核重编程将一种细胞类型转换为另一种细胞类型,从而使细胞替代疗法成为可能. 这项技术有可能在没有免疫排斥的情况下产生患者特异性的细胞,从而推进再生医学.

更多相关视频

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 核重编程涉及改变细胞的基因表达,使其与无关的细胞类型相似.
  • 早期的证据来自青克隆,其中包括哺乳动物体细胞核转移和直接重编程.
  • 这一过程允许从同一个体内的可访问组织中衍生出专门的细胞.

研究的目的:

  • 提供有关核重编程技术的背景知识.
  • 讨论重新编程的机制和效率.
  • 评论核重编程研究的未来前景.

主要方法:

  • 实体细胞的核转移转移
  • 细胞融合是细胞的融合.
  • 诱导多能性的宫外基因表达.
  • 直接进行重编程.

主要成果:

  • 从不同类型的细胞 (例如皮肤细胞) 成功衍生出专门的细胞 (例如神经元).
  • 自身细胞移植的潜力,避免免疫排斥.
  • 通过重编程生成多种细胞类型的可行性得到证明.

结论:

  • 核重编程对再生医学和基于细胞的疗法具有重大前景.
  • 对机制和效率的进一步研究对于临床应用至关重要.
  • 产生患者特异细胞的能力可能会彻底改变各种疾病的治疗方法.