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这里是太阳:识别紫外线损坏的DNA

Gilbert Chu1, Wei Yang

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, CCSR1145, Division of Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA.

Cell
|December 27, 2008
PubMed
概括

检测DNA损伤对于修复至关重要. 斯克里马和其他人. 揭示了DNA损伤结合蛋白1 (DDB1) 和DDB2复合物的结构,有助于对紫外线损伤DNA修复的理解.

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...